Major human dietary sources of patulin are apples and apple juice made from affected fruit. Often found in rotting apples and apple products, patulin can also occur in various mouldy fruits, grains and other foods. Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds, particularly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. Contrary to the clear evidence of kidney toxicity and kidney cancer due to ochratoxin A exposure in animals, this association in humans is unclear, however effects on kidney have been demonstrated. The most sensitive and notable effect is kidney damage, but the toxin may also have effects on fetal development and on the immune system. Ochratoxin A is formed during the storage of crops and is known to cause a number of toxic effects in animal species. Contamination of food commodities, such as cereals and cereal products, coffee beans, dry vine fruits, wine and grape juice, spices and liquorice, occurs worldwide.

Ochratoxin A is produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium and is a common food-contaminating mycotoxin. There is also evidence that they can cause liver cancer in humans. Aflatoxins have also been shown to be genotoxic, meaning they can damage DNA and cause cancer in animal species. Large doses of aflatoxins can lead to acute poisoning (aflatoxicosis) and can be life threatening, usually through damage to the liver.

The toxins can also be found in the milk of animals that are fed contaminated feed, in the form of aflatoxin M1. include cereals (corn, sorghum, wheat and rice), oilseeds (soybean, peanut, sunflower and cotton seeds), spices (chili peppers, black pepper, coriander, turmeric and ginger) and tree nuts (pistachio, almond, walnut, coconut and Brazil nut). Crops that are frequently affected by Aspergillus spp. Of the several hundred mycotoxins identified so far, about a dozen have gained the most attention due to their severe effects on human health and their occurrences in food.Īflatoxins are amongst the most poisonous mycotoxins and are produced by certain moulds ( Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains. Other mycotoxins occurring in food have been linked to long-term effects on health, including the induction of cancers and immune deficiency. The effects of some food-borne mycotoxins are acute with symptoms of severe illness appearing quickly after consumption of food products contaminated with mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins commonly found in food and why they are of concern Exposure to mycotoxins can happen either directly by eating infected food or indirectly from animals that are fed contaminated feed, in particular from milk. Mycotoxins appear in the food chain as a result of mould infection of crops both before and after harvest. Several hundred different mycotoxins have been identified, but the most commonly observed mycotoxins that present a concern to human health and livestock include aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin, fumonisins, zearalenone and nivalenol/deoxynivalenol. Most mycotoxins are chemically stable and survive food processing. Mould growth can occur either before harvest or after harvest, during storage, on/in the food itself often under warm, damp and humid conditions. Moulds that can produce mycotoxins grow on numerous foodstuffs such as cereals, dried fruits, nuts and spices. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that are naturally produced by certain types of moulds (fungi). webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out This is the closest answer I can find but not quite.

Also I want it to be more over an overflow hidden affect (?). grow style the image will only grow when I hover over the image, which isn't quite what I want. In the below example the entire panel increases, if I use the. I am trying to make a an image grow when I hover over it's parent DIV, but also have the background of the caption area slide in rather than fade in. I hope you can help or point me in the right direction.

Grow home image effects